The Temple of the Tooth, known locally as Sri Dalada Maligawa, is one of the most venerated Buddhist sites in Sri Lanka. Located in the historic city of Kandy, this sacred temple houses the revered relic of the tooth of the Buddha, making it a pivotal pilgrimage destination for Buddhists from around the world. The history, architecture, and cultural significance of the Temple of the Tooth illustrate the deep spiritual heritage of Sri Lanka.

Historical Background

The relic of the tooth of the Buddha holds immense significance in Buddhist tradition. According to legend, the tooth was retrieved from the Buddha’s funeral pyre and smuggled into Sri Lanka in the 4th century CE by Princess Hemamali and her husband, Prince Dantha. They concealed the tooth in her hair to protect it from enemies. The arrival of the relic in Sri Lanka marked a monumental event, and it became a symbol of sovereignty and religious authority.

Throughout Sri Lankan history, the relic has been enshrined in various locations, reflecting the shifting political and cultural landscapes. It was finally brought to Kandy in the 16th century during the reign of King Vimaladharmasuriya I, who built a temple to house the sacred tooth. The current structure of the Temple of the Tooth was constructed in the 18th century by King Sri Vikrama Rajasinha, the last monarch of the Kandyan Kingdom.

Architectural Splendor

The architecture of the Temple of the Tooth is a blend of traditional Kandyan, South Indian, and colonial influences. The complex is surrounded by a moat and features an octagonal pavilion known as the Paththirippuwa, which offers panoramic views of the surrounding area. The main shrine, or Viharaya, where the tooth relic is kept, is adorned with intricate carvings, gold-embellished ceilings, and beautiful frescoes depicting scenes from the life of the Buddha.

The inner sanctum, called the Handun Kunama, is a heavily guarded chamber where the tooth relic is enshrined in a series of nested golden caskets. The sanctity of this chamber and the relic it contains is of paramount importance, and access is restricted to a few select custodians.

Cultural and Religious Significance

The Temple of the Tooth is not only a place of worship but also a symbol of Sri Lankan heritage and identity. The relic of the tooth of the Buddha is believed to have immense spiritual power and is considered a protector of the country. Its presence in Kandy signifies the city’s historical role as a center of political and religious power.

One of the most important events associated with the Temple of the Tooth is the Esala Perahera, a grand procession held annually in July or August. This vibrant festival, which lasts for ten days, features beautifully adorned elephants, traditional dancers, drummers, and other performers. The highlight of the procession is the carrying of a replica of the tooth relic in a golden casket atop a majestic elephant. The Esala Perahera is a magnificent display of Sri Lankan culture and devotion, drawing thousands of participants and spectators from around the world.

Preservation and Modern-Day Relevance

The Temple of the Tooth continues to be a vital center for Buddhist worship and cultural preservation. Efforts are made to maintain the integrity and sanctity of the temple, with regular renovations and conservation projects. The temple complex also includes a museum that houses artifacts and exhibits related to the history of the tooth relic and the temple itself.

In addition to its religious significance, the Temple of the Tooth plays an essential role in promoting interfaith dialogue and understanding. It stands as a symbol of Sri Lanka’s rich cultural heritage and its commitment to preserving its spiritual traditions.

Conclusion

The Temple of the Tooth in Kandy is a beacon of Buddhist faith and Sri Lankan heritage. Its historical significance, architectural beauty, and cultural importance make it a cherished site for Buddhists and a fascinating destination for visitors. The reverence for the tooth relic encapsulates the deep spiritual connection that the people of Sri Lanka have with their Buddhist traditions, reflecting a legacy of devotion, resilience, and cultural pride.